3. Portfolio exercise #4 - Everest Team
Everest
climbing team: Cultural Diversity #4
Watch the film and take notes to answer the following
questions:
1. List
the team members by name, with their duties and country
Name Responsibility Country Skills
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-
-
-
-
-
-
2. What
were the qualities or skills of each member that supported the team?
3. How
was the Team helped by ‘cultural diversity’ to attain their goal (reach the
summit of Everest)?
3. Quiz 2 – Portfolio Exercise #3
What are Multiculturalism, Assimilation and Acculturation?
True or False? If FALSE, write the
TRUE answer.
1.
A Multicultural society can be
described as a society with a single set of values.
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2.
A “salad bowl” represents varied
and separate cultures.
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3.
One aspect of Multiculturalism is
respecting different cultures.
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4.
Cultural Diversity can be
represented by a “melting pot”
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5.
Acculturation means learning the
culture of your birth country.
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Define in your own words:
1.
“Melting Pot”
2.
“Salad Bowl”
3.
“Assimilation”
4.
“Acculturation”
5. “Enculturation”
Complete the sentence with words from
the text:
Acculturation
often results in changes to ____________________, _______________________and
___________________________________, as well as changes in food,
____________________ and __________________________________.
Give a synonym:
varied
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respect
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dominate
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multiple
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central
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interacting
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specific
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represents
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adopt
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Give the opposite:
varied
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respect
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gradually
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multiple
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common
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dominant group
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|||
specific
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contrasted with
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adopt
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Culture and Personality in
Anthropology
Read
the section about Culture and Personality in Anthropology. Answer these
questions about that section:-
1.
Define “Anthropology” in your own
words
2.
What do you understand by
“socialization of children” Give an example
3.
Read this sentence again and give
examples of childrearing in different societies and cultures: “socialization creates personality
patterns. It helps shape people’s
emotions, thoughts, behaviors, cultural values and norms to fit into and
function as productive members in the surrounding human society. The study of
culture and personality demonstrates that different socialization practices
such as childrearing in different societies (cultures) result in different
personality types.”
4.
Read this sentence again and say to
what extent you agree: “all
humans are the same when born, but childrearing in different societies causes
deviations in behavior and personalities from each other.”
5. Reflect on the reading above. Can
you see a link between your culture and your personality? Think about that in
relation to your own culture first, and then think about personality and
culture in a different society. Reflect. Give examples.
3. Reading 2 - Assimilation & Acculturation
What are: Multiculturalism,
Assimilation & Acculturation?
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Multiculturalism is the the institutionalization of communities
containing multiple cultures. It is generally applied to the demographic make-up of a specific place, usually at the organizational level, e.g. schools, businesses, neighborhoods, cities, or nations.
In a political context the term is used for a wide variety of
meanings, ranging from the advocacy of equal respect to the various cultures in a society, to a
policy of promoting the
maintenance of cultural diversity. A common aspect of many such policies is that they avoid
presenting any specific ethnic, religious, or cultural community values as central.[3]
Multiculturalism is often
contrasted with the concepts of assimilation and has been described
as a "salad bowl" rather than a
"melting pot."[4]
Look at the two diagrams above. Which
one represents “multiculturalism” and which one is “assimilation”?
2) Assimilation
(from Latin assimilatio; "to render similar") may refer to:
- Cultural
assimilation,
the process whereby a minority group gradually adapts to the customs and
attitudes of the prevailing culture and customs.
- Assimilation (sociology), the blending or fusing of minority groups into the dominant
society
Think of the word “similar” which will
help you remember “assimilation”.
3) Acculturation
Acculturation explains the process of cultural and psychological change that
results following meeting between cultures.[1] The effects of acculturation can be seen at multiple levels in
both interacting cultures. At
the group level, acculturation often results in changes to culture, customs,
and social institutions. Noticeable group level effects of acculturation often
include changes in food, clothing, and language. At the individual
level, differences in the way individuals acculturate have been shown to be
associated not just with changes in daily behavior, but with numerous measures
of psychological and physical well-being. As enculturation is used to describe the process of
first-culture learning, acculturation can be thought of as second-culture
learning.
Acculturation
is a process in which members of one cultural group adopt the beliefs and
behaviors of another group. Although acculturation is usually in the direction
of a minority group adopting habits and language patterns of the dominant
group, acculturation can be reciprocal--that is, the dominant group also adopts
patterns typical of the minority group. Assimilation of one cultural group into
another may be evidenced by changes in language preference, adoption of common
attitudes and values, member- ship in common social groups and institutions,
and loss of separate political or ethnic identification.
What
is the difference between assimilation, and acculturation?
Assimilation means to become the same
as the main mass (you cannot be distinguished from anyone or anything else).
Acculturation is getting used to the
way people are, but not become just like everyone else. You keep some of your
original uniqueness yet (ideally) fit in as part of the total mix.
4) Culture and Personality in Anthropology
(By
Petrina Kelly, Xia Chao, Andrew Scruggs,
Lucy Lawrence, Katherine Mcghee-Snow)
The culture and personality
movement was a core of anthropology in the first half of the 20th
century. It attempts to find general traits repeating in a specific culture to
lead to a discovery of a national character, model personality types and
configurations of personality by seeking the individual characteristics and
personalities. The field of personality and culture gives special attention to socialization of children and enculturation.
Theorists of culture and personality school argue that socialization creates personality patterns. It helps shape people’s emotions, thoughts, behaviors, cultural values and norms to
fit into and function as productive members in the surrounding human society. The study of culture and
personality demonstrates that different socialization practices such as
childrearing in different societies (cultures) result in different personality
types.
The study of culture and personality draws many of its
constructs from psychoanalysis and social development as applied for social and
cultural phenomena. Freud’s psychoanalysis states
that all humans are the same when born, but childrearing in different societies
causes deviations in behavior and personalities from each other. According to this perspective, the scholars of culture and
personality school study distinctive
personality types in particular societies and attribute the traits to different
child-rearing practices such as feeding, talking and toilet training.
This concept is demonstrated in the work of anthropologists, such as Margaret
Mead and Ruth Benedict, Barbara Rogoff and Shirley Brice Heath.
an·thro·pol·o·gy ( n thr -p l -j )
n. The
scientific study of the origin, the behavior, and the physical, social, and
cultural development of humans.
- Assimilation (sociology), the blending or fusing of minority groups into the dominant society
3. The cultural divide, and how the UAE might bridge it
ABU
DHABI // Marie Claire's three children sometimes come home from their
multicultural-private school in Abu Dhabi complaining that Emirati children do
not interact with them
The Dutch-British mother is trying to find an
explanation. "Why are Emirati children not mixing?" she asks.
"What kind of programmes or integration can we introduce to help schools
bridge the gap?"
Shamsa Al Muhairi, an Emirati mother of four with two daughters
who go to school with expatriates, says: "My children do not like mixing
with non-Emirati children. I do not know the reason."
The self-segregation that begins in school extends into
stereotypes and misunderstandings in adulthood. One Emirati woman finds that
expatriates believe all UAE nationals have oil wells behind their homes, and
some Emiratis believe expatriates are immodest people who want to invade their
country.
Habib Khondker, professor of humanities and social
sciences at Zayed University, says "the construction of other" – a
belief that you know about another culture when in fact you do not – comes into
play, creating a barrier to interaction between people from different
upbringings.
"Stereotypes will not disappear in a day but they can
be broken easily," Dr Khondker says. "Ignorance is the mother of
stereotypes. One needs to prove oneself to overcome these misconceptions."
Fawzya Al Muhairi, Shamsa's sister, sends her children to
private school specifically so they can interact with expatriate children, and
because "private schools have better discipline than the public".
"As a mother, I taught my children right from
wrong," she says. "I mix with westerners and my children like mixing
with English children because I believe they are more transparent and
disciplined compared with some Arab children who are raised by their
maids."
At times, it seems as if there is a cultural impasse.
Some expatriates have the misconception that Emiratis are self-important and
prefer mixing only with their compatriots.
Zainab Al Junaibi, a Zayed University student, says some
families do not like their daughters mixing with non-Emiratis because "our
norms and tradition differ from theirs".
She, however, has no problem interacting with people from
different cultures, and has many non-Emirati friends.
The workplace also makes it tricky for people to
interact. Many Emiratis work in the public sector where expatriates are a
minority, Dr Khondker says. Therefore, interaction must take place in public.
"If I was one of the policymakers, I would say to
organise more public events such as festivals."
He said Emiratis should get more involved in the private
sector so expatriates can get a better sense of the diversity of Emiratis.
Faizan Qureshi, from Pakistan, has lived in the UAE for
two years and has never had an Emirati friend. "There is this feeling that
Emiratis only befriend Emiratis or other Arabs. I would love to have Emirati
friends," he says.
Mr Qureshi believes social media can bridge the gap, as
he has got to know a few Emiratis via Twitter. He echoed the idea of organising
public events.
"There is a need for more cultural events being
conducted by the Government and expatriates being a part of it."
Arab media can be a helpful channel to create more
cultural understanding. But unfortunately, says Saeed Al Mehairi, an Emirati
who works at Abu Dhabi Tourism and Culture Authority: "Arab media does not
display our culture.
"People think it is a 40-year-old culture because of
the union, but in reality it goes back 500 years. Many Emiratis do not know
about their own culture and heritage. We should be representatives of our
country so that there is mutual understanding between us and expatriates."
He likes mixing with expatriates and even practises English
with an American colleague.
"It is not true Emiratis do not befriend
non-Emiratis. I have friends from all nationalities, and we visit each other
every now and then."
He suggested one of the ways to improve relations between
the nationalities is through cultural festivals at which people can learn more
about locals.
AbulRahman Arif, an Emirati who obtained his master's
degree in London, had no trouble with different nationalities during his stay
abroad.
The National Newspaper
ABU DHABI // Marie Claire's three children sometimes come home from their multicultural-private school in Abu Dhabi complaining that Emirati children do not interact with them
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